If science keeps revising its explanations, how can we know whether today’s scientific theories are actually “true”?
What is the difference between a scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory—and when should we trust either one?
In science, which usually comes first: an idea that scientists want to test, or an experiment that leads to a new idea?
Could a living human being, in principle, be completely explained as an extremely complicated physical and chemical machine?
When scientists classify animals and plants into different groups, are they discovering categories that already exist in nature, or creating categories that are useful for humans?
Are things like atoms, elements, and electrons truly “real,” even though we cannot directly see them, or are they simply useful models for explaining observations?